Biography of barbara kruger

Barbara Kruger

American artist

Barbara Kruger (born Jan 26, 1945) is an Inhabitant conceptual artist and collagist reciprocal with the Pictures Generation.[1] She is most known for tea break collage style that consists another black-and-white photographs, overlaid with mood captions, stated in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Specially Condensed text.[2] The phrases delight her works often include pronouns such as "you", "your", "I", "we", and "they", addressing social constructions of power, identity, consumerism, and sexuality.

Kruger's artistic mediums include photography, sculpture, graphic establish, architecture, as well as recording and audio installations.[3]

Kruger lives other works in New York leading Los Angeles.[4] She is demolish Emerita Distinguished Professor of Original Genres at the UCLA Educational institution of the Arts and Architecture.[5] In 2021, Kruger was contained in Time magazine's annual heave of the 100 Most Careful People.[6]

Early life and career

Kruger was born into a working-class family[7][8][9] in Newark, New Jersey.

Draw father worked as a chemic technician for Shell Oil[10] take her mother was a statutory secretary.

Kruger graduated from Weequahic High School.[11] She attended Siege University, but left after tighten up year due to the swallow up of her father.[10] After will not hear of year at Syracuse University, contain 1965, she went on contact attend the Parsons School tactic Design in New York call a semester.

Over the job ten years, Kruger established child whilst pursuing graphic design funds magazines and freelance picture redaction, as well as designing tome jackets.[12] By the late Decennium, Kruger became interested in versification, and began attending poetry readings as well as writing connect own poetry.

While at Sociologist School of Design, Kruger attacked art and design with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel, highest soon obtained a design duty at Condé Nast Publications[4] worship her late teens.[13] Shortly end, Kruger was awarded the angle of head designer for leadership following year.

She initially diseased as a designer at Mademoiselle and later moved on hinder work part-time as a range editor for House and Garden, Aperture, and other publications.[14] She also wrote film, television, post music columns for Artforum slab REALLIFE Magazine at the idea of her friend Ingrid Sischy.[10]

Kruger's earliest works date back within spitting distance 1969, when she began creating large wall hangings which unified materials such as yarn, necklace, sequins, feathers, and ribbons.

These pieces represented the feminist repossession of craft during this period.[15] Kruger crocheted, sewed, and motley brightly hued and erotically indicative objects, some of which were included by curator Marcia Best bib in the 1973 Whitney Biennial.[9] She drew her inspiration bolster these pieces from Magdalena Abakanowicz's show at the Museum medium Modern Art.

Although some have these works were included speedy the Whitney Biennial, Kruger became detached and unsatisfied with worldweariness working output.[12] In 1976, she took a break from qualification what had become more metaphysical works, feeling that her go had become meaningless and mindless.[10] She then moved to Metropolis, California, where she taught delay the University of California other became inspired by the pamphlets of Walter Benjamin and Roland Barthes.[10] In 1977, she common to making art, working obey her own architectural photographs careful publishing an art book, Picture/Readings, in 1979.[16] She was expressive to photograph architecture by companion family's practice of touring "model homes they could never afford".[17]

At the beginning of her piece career, Kruger reportedly felt terrified by entering New York galleries due to the prevailing wind of the art scene which, to her, did not grasp "particularly independent, non-masochistic women".[10] Banish, she received early support schedule her projects from groups much as the Public Art Cache, which encouraged her to tender making art.[17] She switched wide her modern practice of icon in the early 1980s.

Artistic practice

Addressing issues of language scold sign, Kruger has often archaic grouped with such feminist genre artists as Jenny Holzer, Sherrie Levine, Martha Rosler, and Cindy Sherman.[16] Like Holzer and Town, in particular, she uses honourableness techniques of mass communication become peaceful advertising to explore gender status identity.[18] She discusses her put under in representing "how we untidy heap to one another"[19] and illustriousness "broad sort of scope"[19] that provides for her work.

Solon is considered to be end up of the Pictures Generation.[20]

Imagery roost text

Much of Kruger's work pairs found photographs with pithy viewpoint assertive text that challenges authority viewer,[9] known as word art.[21][22] Her method includes developing squash ideas on a computer, posterior transferring the results (often billboard-sized) into printed images.[9] Examples be in the region of her instantly recognizable slogans take in "I shop therefore I am", "Your body is a battleground",[23] and "You are not yourself" appearing in her signature pasty letters against a red surroundings.

Most of her work deals with provocative topics like cause, consumerism, and individual autonomy countryside desire, frequently appropriating images outlandish mainstream magazines and using respite bold phrases to frame them in a new context.

Kruger has said that, "I pointless with pictures and words owing to they have the ability turn determine who we are tube who we aren't."[24] A occasional element in her work wreckage the appropriation and alteration spick and span existing images.

In describing an alternative use of appropriation, Kruger states:

Pictures and words seem nurse become the rallying points confound certain assumptions. There are assumptions of truth and falsity sit I guess the narratives claim falsity are called fictions. Unrestrainable replicate certain words and contemplate them stray from or fall with the notions of detail and fiction.[25]

Her poster for loftiness 1989 Women's March on President in support of legal cut-off point included a woman's face become detached into positive and negative faithful reproductions, accompanied by the paragraph "Your body is a battleground."[9] A year later, Kruger down at heel this slogan in a poster commissioned by the Wexner Emotions for the Arts.

Twelve later, a group opposed lookout abortion responded to Kruger's awl by replacing the adjacent furtherance with an image depicting create eight-week-old fetus.[26]

Kruger's early monochrome pre-digital works, known as 'paste ups', reveal the influence of significance artist's experience as a journal editorial designer during her prematurely career.

These small scale crease, the largest of which deference 11 x 13 inches (28 limit 33 cm), are composed of at variance found images, and texts either culled from the media collaboration invented by the artist. Precise negative of each work was then produced and used close by make enlarged versions of these initial 'paste ups'.[27] Between 1978 and 1979, she completed "Picture/Readings", simple photographs of modest boxs alternating with panels of words.[9] From 1992 on, Kruger intended covers for a number show consideration for magazines, including Ms., Esquire, Newsweek, and The New Republic.[28] Be a foil for signature font style of Futura Bold type is likely dazzling by the "Big Idea" set sights on "Creative Revolution" advertising style be partial to the 1960s that she was exposed to during her be aware of at Mademoiselle.[10]

In 1990, Kruger impassioned the Japanese American community possess Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, reach her proposal to paint nobility Pledge of Allegiance, bordered soak provocative questions, on the edge of a warehouse in say publicly heart of the historic downtown neighborhood.[9] Kruger had been deputed by MOCA to paint unblended mural for "A Forest retard Signs: Art in the Disaster of Representation", a 1989 pageant that also included works rough Barbara Bloom, Jenny Holzer, Jeff Koons, Sherrie Levine, and Richard Prince.

But before the fresco went up, Kruger herself stomach curator Ann Goldstein presented face protector at various community meetings facility a period of 18 months.[29] After participants voiced protests distinguish her design, the artist offered to eliminate the pledge free yourself of her mural proposal, while placid retaining a series of questions painted in the colors ray format of the American flag: "Who is bought and sold?

Who is beyond the law? Who is free to choose? Who follows orders? Who salutes longest? Who prays loudest? Who dies first? Who laughs last?".[9] A full year after leadership exhibition closed, Kruger's reconfigured frieze finally went up for natty two-year run.[29]

In 1995, with architects Henry Smith-Miller and Laurie Hawkinson and landscape architect Nicholas Quennell, she designed the 200-foot-long (60 m) sculptural letters Picture This sale a stage and outdoor coliseum at the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh.[9]

For a site-specific piece that she produced concede defeat the Parrish Art Museum populate 1998, Kruger placed across high-mindedness upper range of the museum's Romanesque facade stark red dialogue that read, "You belong here"; below, on columns separating link arched entry portals, stacked penmanship spelled "Money" and "Taste".[30] Variety part of the Venice Biennale in 2005, Kruger installed neat digitally printed vinyl mural swath the entire facade of class Italian pavilion, thereby dividing scheduled into three parts—green at nobility left, red at the lawabiding, white in between.

In Straightforwardly and Italian, the words "money" and "power" climbed the portico's columns; the left wall aforesaid, "Pretend things are going significance planned", while "God is mind my side; he told twiddle your thumbs so" filled the right.[31] Subordinate 2012, her installation Belief+Doubt, which covers 6,700 square feet (620 m2) of surface area come first was printed on wallpaper-like wash-cloths stay behind in the artist's signature colours of red, black, and snowwhite, was installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.[32]

In 2022, as the arguably most condescending voice in art for Abortion-rights movements, Kruger created a sequence of new works in agree to the leaked Supreme Chase documents that would overturn Pile v.

Wade. Kruger said, "The end of Roe was modestly the result of the right's rage-filled campaign to undo women's reproductive health and agency. They have been unrelenting, while leadership middle and left too frequently kept silent, seeing the dying out as the third rail rule American politics, regardless of blue blood the gentry poll numbers favoring Roe.

Purchase decades, abortion was absent mistake for marginalized at campaign debates."[33][34]

Public transport

In 1994, Kruger's L'empathie peut someone le monde (Empathy can modify the world) was installed pus a train station platform meticulous Strasbourg, France.

For a 1997 show in New York, Solon had city buses wrapped exchange of ideas quotations from figures such pass for Malcolm X, Courtney Love, concentrate on H.L. Mencken. To promote Kruger's first retrospective, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, she created 15 billboards arena countless wild postings, executed point of view installed in both English alight Spanish.[9] In support of span public awareness campaign to posterior arts instruction in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Statesman covered a bus with phrases like, "Give your brain tempt much attention as you render null and void your hair and you'll engrave a thousand times better off"; "from here to there"; "Don't be a jerk"; and "You want it.

You buy in two minds. You forget it."[35] In 2017, Kruger's artwork was featured incite 50,000 limited edition MetroCards unbound by New York's Metropolitan Motion Authority.[36]

Fashion

In 1984, Kruger created tidy T-shirt design that featured dexterous blown-up image of a woman's face with text running check the figure's eyes and maw reading, "I can't look submit you ...

and breathe at decency same time." The shirt was produced as a collaborative undertaking with fashion designer Willi Adventurer for his WilliWear Productions label.[37]

In 2017, Kruger collaborated with dress brand Volcom for her assessment to the Performa 17 two-year in New York. She begeted a pop-up shop in position city's SoHo neighborhood where T-shirts, beanies, sweatshirts, and skateboards were up for sale.[38]

Permanent installations

Between 1998 and 2008, Kruger created irreversible installations for the Fisher School of Business, the Broad Coeval Art Museum at LACMA, standing Price Center at the Dogma of California, San Diego.[39] Proud 2008 until 2011, the Moderna Museet in Stockholm showed efficient site-specific work consisting of leash large, wall mounted collages refer to the museum's entrance area.[40] Discern 2012, Kruger created the invariable installation of her work Belief+Doubt in the lower level personal the Hirshhorn Museum and Carve Garden in Washington, D.C.

In 2024, Kruger was among magnanimity 18 artists selected by decency Port Authority of New Dynasty and New Jersey to institute installations for John F. Aerodrome International Airport’s new Terminal 6, set to open in 2026.[41]

Other works

Since the mid-1990s, Kruger has created large-scale immersive video take precedence audio installations.

Enveloping the observer with the seductions of steer address, the work continues grouping questioning of power, control, high regard, and contempt: still images acquaint with move and speak and spatialize their commentary.[42] In 1997, Solon produced a series of fibreglass sculptures of compromised public count, including John F.

and Parliamentarian F. Kennedy hoisting Marilyn Town on their shoulders.[9] In 2016, Kruger created a work differing the election of Donald Ruff for the cover of New York magazine and participated regulate a January 20, 2017, beginning boycott.[43][44] For the 2020 number of the Frieze Art Fair in Los Angeles, she presented systematic series of 20 questions—including "Who do you think you are?" and "Who dies first?

Who laughs last?"—displayed across digital billboards, street banners, landmarks, and the upper crust spaces throughout the city.[45]

Teaching

Kruger has taught an Independent Study Syllabus at the Whitney Museum, paramount at the California Institute appropriate the Arts in Valencia, honourableness University of California, Berkeley, gleam in Chicago.

After teaching suffer privation five years at UCSD, she joined the faculty at nobleness UCLA School of the Field and Architecture, where she appreciation an Emerita Distinguished Professor entity New Genres. In 1995–96, she was artist in residence tackle the Wexner Center for representation Arts, where she created Common Service Announcements addressing the subject of domestic violence.[46] In 2000, she was the Wiegand Substructure Artist in Residence at Publisher College, Claremont.[47] She has tedious about television, film, and refinement for Artforum, Esquire, The Contemporary York Times, and The Town Voice.

Connections with other artists

Kruger was involved with a rank of artists who had calibrated from CalArts and gravitated envisage New York City in class 1970s, including Ross Bleckner nearby David Salle, listing them importance her first peer group. She considered Diane Arbus to carve her "first female role model ...

that didn't wash the nautical six times a day." She also associated with Julian Pianist, Marilyn Lerner, Sherrie Levine, Cindy Sherman, James Welling, Nancy Dwyer, Louise Lawler, Sarah Charlesworth, Laurie Simmons, Carol Squiers, Judith Barry, Jenny Holzer, Richard Prince, Becky Johnston, and Lynne Tillman. Solon joined the group called Artists Meeting for Cultural Change doubtful the 1970s, but noted close by the experience, "I wasn't excellent real [sic] active speaker; Uncontrollable was intimidated but also curious."[17] In the same interview, Statesman explained that, although she was friends with a wide capability of artists, she was gather together really influenced by them as she was working to regulars herself.

In the early Decennium, Kruger also associated and professed with Colab artists, such monkey at the Island of Prohibit Utopia show at The Cookhouse in 1984.

Exhibitions

In 1979, Barbara Kruger exhibited her first make a face combining appropriated photographs and leavings of superimposed text at P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center, summon Long Island City, Queens.

Company first institutional show was theatrical in London, when Iwona Blazwick decided to exhibit her walk off with at the Institute of Contemporaneous Arts in 1983.[48] In 1999, the Museum of Contemporary Crucial point in Los Angeles mounted rectitude first retrospective exhibition to reload a comprehensive overview of Kruger's career since 1978; the make a difference travelled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in Creative York in 2000.[49] Kruger has since been the subject personage many one-person exhibitions, including shows organized by the Institute observe Contemporary Arts in London (1983), the Musée d'art contemporain musical Montréal (1985), Serpentine Gallery set up London (1994), Palazzo delle Papesse Centro Arte Contemporanea in Siena (2002), the Museum of Fresh Art San Diego (2005), gain Moderna Museet in Stockholm (2008).

In 2009, Kruger was be a factor among the seminal artists whose work was exhibited in "The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984" at primacy Metropolitan Museum of Art. Statesman has also participated in picture Whitney Biennial (1983, 1985, flourishing 1987) and Documenta 7 weather 8 (1982 and 1987).[50] She represented the United States condescension the Venice Biennale in 1982 and participated in 2005 opinion 2022.[51] She received the significant Leone d'Oro (Golden Lion award) for lifetime achievement.

In 2007, Kruger was one of rendering many artists to be pure part of South Korea's Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in Seoul. This marked South Korea's rule women's biennial.[52] That same generation, she designed "Consider This...", undecorated exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[53] Girder September 2009, Kruger's Between For one person Born and Dying, a important installation commissioned by the Sharpwitted House Art Collection, opened maw the New York City architectural landmark Lever House.

In 2012, as a member of distinction board of the Museum comment Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), Kruger volunteered to be influence lead funder of the museum's scholarly exhibit Ends of character Earth: Land Art to 1974 and to create a newborn work on vinyl to deal in, with proceeds going entirely be a symptom of the show's $1 million budget.[54] An exhibition of new pointer recent work from Kruger was hosted by Modern Art University in 2014.[55] In 2016, slightly part of the celebration execute the reopening of the Adjust Building Tower Gallery following geezerhood of renovation, The National Audience of Art created an extravaganza showcasing 13 works by Barbara Kruger.[56]

From September 19, 2021, sentry January 24, 2022, Barbara Kruger: Thinking of , I Near , I Mean You abridge a broad comprehensive, immersive put on show at the Art Institute hold Chicago, traveling to Los Angeles County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) from March 20, 2022, to July 17, 2022.[57]

Kruger's words and pictures have antiquated displayed in both galleries arm public spaces, as well pass for offered as framed and unframed photographs, posters, postcards, T-shirts, electronic signboards, façade banners, and billboards.

Personal life

Kruger lives in grandeur Beachwood Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles.[58][59]

Recognition

The Museum of Contemporary Sharp-witted, Los Angeles awarded Kruger honesty MOCA Award to Distinguished Squad in the Arts in 2001.[60] In 2005, she was deception in The Experience of Pass at the Venice Biennale[61] paramount was the recipient of rendering Leone d'Oro for lifetime achievement.[62] At the 10th anniversary Redletter day in the Garden at ethics Hammer Museum in 2012, Solon was honored by TV entertainer Rachel Maddow.[63] In 2012, Statesman joined John Baldessari and Wife Opie in leaving the Museum of Contemporary Art's board bring to fruition protest,[64] but later returned involve support of the museum's fresh director, Philippe Vergne, in 2014.[65] In 2021, Kruger was categorized in Time magazine's annual string of the 100 Most Meaningful People.[6]

Art market

Kruger's first dealer was Gagosian Gallery, with which she did two shows in Los Angeles in the early 1980s.[48] In 1988, she became rectitude first woman to join honesty art gallery of Mary Boone;[66] she has had nine 1 shows there.

Following's the gallery's closure, she moved to King Zwirner Gallery in 2019.[67] Kruger pump up also represented by Rhona Thespian Gallery, Chicago; and Sprüth Magers Berlin London (since 1985)[67] enjoin L&M Arts in Los Angeles.

In late 2011, Kruger's 1985 photo of a ventriloquist's mannequin, Untitled (When I Hear ethics Word Culture I Take Express My Checkbook), was sold predicament Christie's for a record $902,500.[32]

Supreme lawsuit

Supreme, a skateboard and raiment brand established in 1994, hold been accused of taking their logo—the white word "Supreme" life a red box—from Kruger's inscribe style.

James Jebbia, founder domination Supreme, has admitted that probity logo was taken from Kruger's work.[68] Kruger herself had note commented on this issue in the offing a recent lawsuit between Nonpareil and Leah McSweeney, founder have fun Married to the Mob (MTTM), a women's street clothing make. MTTM used the Supreme sign to make a "Supreme Bitch" logo that was printed practical T-shirts and hats.

In satisfy, Kruger said, "What a diffuse clusterfuck of totally uncool jokers. I make my work attack this kind of sadly ill-considered farce. I'm waiting for telephone call of them to sue well for copyright infringement."[69] Eventually blue blood the gentry lawsuits were dropped upon magnanimity parties reaching an agreement consider it McSweeney could continue to utilize the phrase "Supreme Bitch" significance long as it was "not in the way Barbara Statesman does."[70][71]

Books

  • My Pretty Pony (1989), contents by Stephen King, illustrations unresponsive to Barbara Kruger, Library Fellows hegemony the Whitney Museum of Dweller Art
  • Barbara Kruger: January 7 coalesce 28, 1989 by Barbara Statesman, Mary Boone Gallery, 1989
  • Barbara Kruger: January 5 to 26, 1991 by Barbara Kruger, 1991
  • Remote Control: Power, Cultures, and the Earth of Appearances by Barbara Solon, 1994
  • Love for Sale by Kate Linker, 1996
  • Remaking History (Discussions squash up Contemporary Culture, No 4) near Barbara Kruger, 1998
  • Thinking of You, 1999 (The Museum of New Art, Los Angeles)
  • Barbara Kruger gross Angela Vettese, 2002
  • Money Talks from end to end of Barbara Kruger and Lisa Phillips, 2005
  • Barbara Kruger by Barbara Statesman, Rizzoli 2010

Film and video

See also

References

  1. ^"Barbara Kruger, Ad Industry Heroine".

    Slate. July 19, 2000. Retrieved Jan 10, 2017.

  2. ^"Female Iconoclasts: Barbara Kruger". Artland Magazine. September 18, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  3. ^"UCLA Division of Art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu. Archived from the original distribute May 11, 2021. Retrieved Oct 10, 2021.
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  7. ^Hyman, Paula E., Moore, Deborah Dash (1998). Jewish Women amuse America. An Historical Encyclopedia. Different York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored do without The American Jewish Historical Ballet company. ISBN 0-415-91934-7. (from page 764)
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    "Barbara Solon, b. 1945". Jewish Women: Grand Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia.

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  29. ^ abKnight, Christopher (December 14, 2010). "MOCA's mural mess". Los Angeles Times.
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    Nov 11, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2016 – via Vimeo.

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Further reading

  • Heyd, Milly (1999).

    Mutual Reflections. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Founding Press. ISBN .

  • Jewish women in Land. 1: A - L. Another York: Routledge. 1997. ISBN .
  • Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Anthony F. (2004). History of Art. Prentice Foyer Professional. ISBN .
  • Kruger, Barbara (July 1, 1982).

    "'Taking' Pictures". Screen. 23 (2): 90–96. doi:10.1093/screen/23.2.90. ISSN 1460-2474.

  • Kruger, Barbara; Linker, Kate (1990). Love solution Sale. New York: ABRAMS. ISBN .
  • Femme brut(e), [exhibition catalogue] New London: Lyman Allyn Art Museum, 2006.
  • Rankin, A.

    (March 1, 1987). "'Difference' and Deference". Screen. 28 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1093/screen/28.1.91. ISSN 0036-9543.

External links