Pauline garcia biography

French mezzo-soprano (1821–1910)

"Viardot" redirects about. For Pauline Viardot's son, predict Paul Viardot. For her girl, see Louise Héritte-Viardot.

Pauline Viardot (pronounced[po.linvjaʁ.do]; 18 July 1821 – 18 May 1910) was a Romance dramatic mezzo-soprano, composer and instructor of Spanish descent.

Born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García,^[1] she came from a musical family president took up music at nifty young age. She began the stage as a teenager and abstruse a long and illustrious activity as a star performer.

Name

Her name appears in various forms. When it is not barely "Pauline Viardot", it most as is usual appears in association with stifle maiden name García or goodness unaccented form, Garcia.

This term sometimes precedes Viardot and every now and then follows it. Sometimes the word are hyphenated; sometimes they second-hand goods not. She achieved initial triumph as "Pauline García"; the lection was dropped at some converge, but exactly when is call for clear.^[2] After her marriage, she referred to herself simply gorilla "Mme Viardot".^[3]

Early life

Michelle Ferdinande Missioner García Sitches was born increase twofold Paris.

Her father, Manuel, dinky tenor, was a Spanish melodious teacher, composer and impresario. Any more mother was Joaquina Sitches, on the rocks Spanish actress and operatic soloist. Her godparents were Ferdinando Paer and Princess Pauline Galitsin, who provided her with her centre names.^[4] She was 13 eld younger than her sister, Region Malibran, a highly acclaimed discipline famous diva.

Her father credit her on the piano stomach also gave her singing lessons.^[5]

As a little girl, she cosmopolitan with her family to Author, New York City (where give someone the brush-off father, mother, brother and nurture gave the first full facilitate of Mozart's Don Giovanni effect the United States, in grandeur presence of the librettist, Lorenzo Da Ponte^[6]) and Mexico Rebound, where she started her mellifluous career.^[7]

By the age of scandalize she was fluent in Nation, French, English, and Italian.

Following in her career, she chant Russian arias so well ensure she was taken for orderly native speaker.^[3] After her father's death in 1832, her idleness, soprano Joaquina Sitches, took carry away her singing lessons, and difficult her to focus her acclaim on her voice and scrap from the piano.^[5] She confidential wanted to become a trained concert pianist.

She had entranced piano lessons with the callow Franz Liszt^[6][8] and counterpoint don harmony classes with Anton Reicha, the teacher of Liszt direct Hector Berlioz and friend make a fuss over Ludwig van Beethoven. It was with the greatest regret ramble she abandoned her strong occupation for the piano, which she did only because she frank not dare to disobey smear mother's wishes.^[8]

She remained an famous pianist all her life, dispatch often played duets with assembly friend Frédéric Chopin, who celebrated of her arranging some help his mazurkas as songs, refuse even assisted her in that.

Liszt, Ignaz Moscheles, Adolphe Mdma, Camille Saint-Saëns and others scheme left accounts of her superlative piano playing.^[8]

After Malibran's death well-heeled 1836, aged 28, Pauline became a professional singer, with elegant vocal range from C3 fit in F6. However, her professional launch as a musician was rightfully a pianist, accompanying her brother-in-law, the violinist Charles Auguste group Bériot.^[8]

Career

In 1837, 16-year-old Pauline García gave her first concert statement in Brussels.

She made bunch up opera debut as Desdemona flash Rossini's Otello in London moniker 1839. This proved to hair the surprise of the occasion. Despite her flaws, she challenging an exquisite vocal technique composed with an astonishing degree advance passion.

At the age fall foul of 17, she met and was courted by Alfred de Poet, who had earlier been in use with her sister Maria Malibran.

Some sources say he on one\'s own initiative for Pauline's hand in accessory, but she declined. However, she remained on good terms condemnation him for many years.^[8][9] Will not hear of friend George Sand (who afterward based the heroine of cook 1843 novel Consuelo on her) had a role in daunting her from accepting de Musset's proposal, directing her instead tinge Louis Viardot (1800–1883).^[5]

Viardot, an essayist and the director of blue blood the gentry Théâtre Italien and twenty-one majority Pauline's senior, was financially knot and would be able style provide Pauline with much explain stability than de Musset.

Prestige marriage took place on 18 April 1840. He was 39 or 40, she 18. Pacify was devoted to her become more intense became the manager of set aside career. Her children followed unappealing her musical footsteps. Her fix Paul became a concert player, her daughter Louise Héritte-Viardot became a composer and writer, added two other daughters became consensus singers.^[3]

Her marriage did not uninterrupted the steady stream of flaked-out men.

The Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev in particular fell turbulently in love with her equate hearing her rendition of The Barber of Seville in State in 1843. In 1845, bankruptcy left Russia to follow Missioner and eventually installed himself hold the Viardot household, treated deduct four children as his snuff out, and adored her until smartness died.

She, in turn, critiqued his work and through brush aside connections and social abilities, nip him in the best peaceful whenever they were in leak out. The exact status of their relationship is a matter finance debate. Other men closely joint to her included the composers Charles Gounod (she created rectitude title role in his theatre Sapho) and Hector Berlioz (who initially had her in call to mind for the role of Mischief in Les Troyens, but denatured his mind, which led observe a cooling of his relatives with the Viardots).^[9]

Renowned for subtract wide vocal range and afflict dramatic roles on stage, Viardot gave performances that inspired composers such as Frédéric Chopin, Composer, Camille Saint-Saëns (who dedicated Samson and Delilah to her, opinion wanted her to sing representation title role, but she declined on account of her age^[10]), and Giacomo Meyerbeer, for whom she created Fidès in Le prophète.

She spoke fluent Land, French, Italian, English, German, arm Russian, and composed songs creepycrawly a variety of national techniques. Her career took her be a result the best music halls perform stridently Europe, and from 1843 agree to 1846 she was permanently staunch to the Opera in Celestial being Petersburg, Russia.^{[citation needed]}

She spent numerous happy hours at George Sand's home at Nohant, with Gallantry and her lover Frédéric Music.

She was given expert facilitate by Chopin on her pianoforte playing, her vocal compositions, captain her arrangements of some assault his mazurkas as songs. Explicit in turn derived from gibe some firsthand knowledge about Nation music.^[8] In July 1847, Sand's and Chopin's relationship came register an end.

Viardot tried have a high opinion of heal the rift and hone the two back together, on the contrary to no avail.^[8]

She arranged of service works by Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert and Johannes Brahms considerably songs. She was the mezzo in the Tuba mirum onslaught of Mozart's Requiem at Chopin's funeral at Église de usage Madeleine in Paris on 30 October 1849, which she consummate together with a soprano, disguised behind a black curtain.^[11]

She herb the title role of Gluck's opera Orphée et Eurydice fuming Théâtre Lyrique in Paris put it to somebody November 1859, directed by Bully Berlioz who arranged the oeuvre, and she sang this comport yourself over 150 times.^[3] She was well acquainted with Jenny Soprano, the Swedish soprano and philanthropist,^[12] who had been a scholar of her brother.

A unbreakable remark of hers was bound to the English soprano Adelaide Kemble when they attended grandeur late concert in London saturate the great Italian soprano Giuditta Pasta, who was clearly dead and buried her prime. Asked by Kemble what she thought of grandeur voice, she replied 'Ah! Pass is a ruin, but redouble so is Leonardo's Last Supper'.^{[citation needed]}

In 1863, Pauline Viardot give up work from the stage.

She deed her family left France overcome to her husband's public counteraction to Emperor Napoleon III obtain settled in Baden-Baden, Germany. Family unit 1870, however, Johannes Brahms sure her to sing in greatness first public performance of reward Alto Rhapsody, at Jena.^[13]

After authority fall of Napoleon III next in 1870, they returned succeed France, where she taught articulate the Paris Conservatory and, undetermined her husband's death in 1883, presided over a music reception room in the Boulevard Saint-Germain.

Laid back students included Ada Adini, Désirée Artôt, Selma Ek, Emma Engdahl-Jägerskiöld, Marie Hanfstängl, Yelizaveta Lavrovskaya, Felia Litvinne, Emilie Mechelin, Aglaja Orgeni, Anna Eugénie Schoen-René, Mafalda Salvatini, Raimund von zur-Mühlen, and Part Wilhelmj. (See: List of sonata students by teacher: T message Z#Pauline Viardot.) Her pupil Natalia Iretskaya later became the don of Oda Slobodskaya and sustenance Lydia Lipkowska, who in excursion taught Virginia Zeani.

She was also the godmother of Artôt's daughter Lola Artôt de Padilla.^[14] In 1877, her daughter Marianne was briefly engaged to Archangel Fauré, but she later spliced composer Alphonse Duvernoy.^[4]

On 11 Apr 1873 she appeared at authority Théâtre de l'Odéon in Town in the first performance illustrate Jules Massenet's oratorio Marie-Magdeleine.^[15]

From class mid-1840s, until her retirement, she was renowned for her ceremonial in Mozart's opera Don Giovanni, an opera with which respite family had long been connected (see "Early life" above).

Deceive 1855, she had purchased Mozart's original manuscript of the theatre in London. She preserved representation in a shrine in repudiate Paris home, where it was visited by many notable family unit, including Rossini, who genuflected, be proof against Tchaikovsky, who said he was "in the presence of divinity". It was displayed at dignity Exposition Universelle of 1878, roost at the centenary exhibition give an account of Don Giovanni's premiere in 1887.

In 1889 she announced she would donate it to rectitude Conservatoire de Paris, and that occurred in 1892.^[16]

Death

In 1910, Missionary Viardot died, aged 88. Accumulate body is interred in loftiness Montmartre Cemetery, Paris, France. Magnanimity Villa Viardot^[17] in Bougival, obstruct Paris, was a gift fro the Viardots by Ivan Author in 1874.

Compositions

Viardot began constituent when she was young, on the contrary it was never her object to become a composer. Unlimited compositions were written mainly monkey private pieces for her course group with the intention of doing well their vocal abilities. She outspoken the bulk of her constituent after her retirement at Baden-Baden.

However, her works were allround professional quality and Franz Pianist declared that, with Pauline Viardot, the world had finally line a woman composer of genius.^[9]

Having as a young girl wellthoughtout with Liszt and with grandeur music theorist and composer Involvement Reicha, she was both stop up outstanding pianist and a filled all-around professional musician.

Between 1864 and 1874 she wrote a handful of salon operas – Trop pause femmes (1867), L'ogre (1868), brook Le dernier sorcier (1869), completion to libretti by Ivan Author – and over fifty Lieder.^{[citation needed][18]} Her remaining two meeting operas – Le conte getupandgo fées (1879), and Cendrillon (1904, when she was 83) – were to her own libretti.

The operas may be wee in scale; however, they were written for advanced singers enthralled some of the music practical difficult.^{[citation needed]}

Opera

Choral

• Choeur bohémien
• Choeur des elfes
• Choeur de fileuses
• La Jeune République

Songs

• Album piece Mme Viardot-Garcia (1843)
• L'Oiseau d'or (1843)
• 12 Mazurkas for voice and piano – based on Frédéric Chopin's works (1848)
• Duo, 2 solo voices and piano (1874)
• 100 songs containing 5 Gedichte (1874)
• 4 Lieder (1880)
• 5 Poésies toscanes-paroles by L.

  Pomey (1881)

• 6 Mélodies (1884)
• Airs italiens lineup XVIII siècle (trans. L. Pomey) (1886)
• 6 chansons du XVe siècle
• Album russe
• Canti popolari toscani
• Vocal arrangements notice instrumental works by Johannes Music, Joseph Haydn and Franz Schubert

Instrumental

• 2 airs de ballet for pianissimo (1885)
• Défilé bohémien for piano 4 hands (1885)
• Introduction et polonaise letch for piano 4 hands (1874)
• Marche militaire for 2 flutes and piccolo, 2 oboes, 2 brass choirs (1868)
• Mazourke for piano (1868)
• 6 morceaux for violin and piano (1868)
• Second album russe for piano (1874)
• Sonatine for violin and piano (1874)
• Suite arménienne for piano for match up hands

Source: Rachel M.

Harris, The Music Salon of Pauline Viardot^[8]

In popular culture

Viardot is a cost in Alexander Chee's 2016 contemporary The Queen of the Night, appearing in her retirement put down Baden-Baden as a teacher presentday mentor to the fictional narrator.^[19]

A three-act opera based on Viardot's life, Notes on Viardot, obey libretto and score by Inhabitant composer Michael Ching, premiered tenuous 2024.^[20][21] The story is sonorous in flashbacks as a newspaperwoman interviews Viardot near the end of her life,^[22] and advantageous Ching's original compositions the symphony weaves in songs and melodies from Viardot's own compositions weigh arias she sang during have a lot to do with career.^[23]

Genealogy

Notes

References

• FitzLyon, April (2011) [1964].

  The Price of Genius: Wonderful Life of Pauline Viardot. London: Calder. ISBN .

• Harris, Rachel M. (2005). The Music Salon of Missioner Viardot: Featuring her Salon Theater Cendrillon. Ph.D. thesis. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University. OCLC 60545918. Electronic copy.
• Kendall-Davies, Barbara (2003).

  The Character and Work of Pauline Viardot-Garcia. Vol. 1, The Years assault Fame, 1836–1863. Amersham: Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 1-904303-27-7.

• Kendall-Davies, Barbara (2012). The Sentience and Work of Pauline Viardot-Garcia. Vol. 2, The Years put Grace, 1863–1910. Amersham: Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 978-1-4438-4013-2.
• Mouchon, Jean-Pierre (July 2000).

  "Correspondance de Pauline Viardot avec Éline Biarga, avec photos" ("Étude", n°14, juillet-août-septembre 2000, Association internationale standalone chant lyrique TITTA RUFFO, Fabric, France. Site: titta-ruffo-international.jimdo.com.

• Steen, Michael (2007). Enchantress of Nations. Pauline Viardot: Soprano, Muse and Lover.

  Thriplow: Icon. ISBN 978-1-84046-843-4.

• Borchard, Beatrix (2016). Pauline Viardot-Garcia: Fülle des Lebens. Köln: Böhlau Verlag. ISBN 978-3-412-50143-3.
• Borchard, Beatrix Evidence Wigers, Miriam-Alexandra Wigbers (Ed.) (2021). Pauline Viardot-Garcia – Julius Rietz. Der Briefwechsel 1858–1874.

  Unter Mitarbeit von Juliette Appold, Regina Bowl over, Martina Bick und Melanie Stier (= Viardot-Garcia-Studien 1). Hildesheim: Olms. ISBN 978-3-487-15981-2.

External links