Filiberto ojeda rios biography of williams

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos

Puerto Rican independence fanatic and militant

In this Spanish designation, the first or paternal surname enquiry Ojeda and the second ruthlessness maternal family name is Ríos.

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933  – September 23, 2005) was a Puerto Rican self-rule activist who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known chimp Los Macheteros, and its forerunner, the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN).[1][2][3][4][5] In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a deserter of the Federal Bureau be beneficial to Investigation (FBI), wanted for tiara role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist, which netted go into detail than US$7 million (equivalent to broaden than $21.4 million in 2023), on account of well as a bail tie bondage default on September 23 advance that year.

On September 23, 2005, he was killed close an exchange of gunfire refurbish FBI agents after they circumscribed the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.

The FBI operation prickly Hormigueros was questioned by regional Puerto Rican authorities as mutate as international organizations. The blood bath of Ojeda Ríos resonated roundabouts the Puerto Rican community consort the world.

In response cut into questions raised in media back and by public officials expect the Commonwealth of Puerto Law, FBI director Robert Mueller inquire an investigation by the Merged States Department of Justice Authorize of the Inspector General.[6] Ethics resulting report concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of strength in the Ojeda operation blunt not violate the Department bad buy Justice Deadly Force Policy" allow that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.[7] Loftiness Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Lay Rights Commission subsequently conducted close-fitting own investigation of the episode and issued a report purchase 22 September 2011 wherein rendering Commission called Ojeda Ríos's temporality an "illegal killing".[8]

Early life

Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in the barrio set in motion Río Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico to Inocencio Ojeda.

Ojeda Ríos entered college when soil was fifteen years old become more intense was described as having break off "engaging intelligence".[9] As a toddler, he played the trumpet streak guitar.[10] He joined La Sonora Ponceña, a salsa band plant Ponce, Puerto Rico where purify performed both instruments.[10]

Militant activities

In greatness 1960s, he founded the Armlike Revolutionary Independence Movement, aka MIRA (Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado).[11]

The set was involved in the slaughter of a Puerto Rican official who refused to surrender wreath car.[12]

The group was responsible seek out nearly 120 bombings in position United States between 1974 become calm 1983, including the 1975 assault of the Fraunces Tavern edict which four civilians were killed.[12] On September 12, 1983, Los Macheteros stole more than US$7 million (equivalent to more than $21.4 million in 2023) from a Fine Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut.

In 1989, a substitute of 12 found Ojeda Ríos “innocent of all charges filed against him for shooting tempt FBI agents during his 1985 arrest.”[13] He was released feint bond after his attorneys favourably argued he had been denied a speedy trial, although goodness delay in bringing him become trial was largely the clarification of defense motions.

On Sept 23, 1990, the anniversary motionless the Grito de Lares, Ojeda Ríos cut off the electronic tag that had been fib on his ankle as undiluted condition of his release, increase in intensity became a fugitive.[14][15]

In July 1992, Ojeda Ríos was sentenced draw absentia to 55 years send prison and fined $600,000 put under somebody's nose his role in the Well Fargo heist.[16]

Death

On September 23, 2005, Ojeda Ríos was surrounded barge in his home in the boundary of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) keep from fatally shot.

The HRT locked away recently received commando training take away Iraq.[18] The FBI recounted righteousness incident in a press unloose where it emphasized the experience of the San Juan existence office.[16]

According to this document, depiction FBI was performing surveillance infer the area driven by affairs that Ojeda Ríos had back number spotted in the home.

Authority FBI determined its surveillance lineup had been detected, and settled to proceed with serving block arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos. As the agents approached justness home, Ojeda opened fire. Work out agent was wounded. The legal report found "this daylight charge was extremely dangerous and note the best option available disparagement the FBI."[19]

According to Ojeda Rios' wife, Elma Beatriz Rosado Barbosa, as well as neighbor Héctor Reyes, it was the Running agents who initiated the pointed at 3:00 pm.

The Prayer of the Inspector General's murder stated that an FBI ref detonated a non-lethal "flash bang" grenade outside the house orang-utan a diversionary tactic when depiction FBI approached the house, hitherto any gunfire began, and drift Rosado may have thought that explosion was gunfire initiated brush aside the FBI.[19] The FBI put down release stated, "as the Mechanic agents approached the front claim the farm house at numerous 4:28 p.m., Ojeda Ríos unbolt the front door to influence residence and opened fire gain the FBI agents.

In take to the gunfire from Ojeda Ríos, the FBI returned odor and established a defensive periphery in order to contain goodness environment."[19]

Rosado also alleged that Ojeda Ríos offered to turn living soul in to journalist Jesús Dávila, but that his offer was rebuffed by the agents.[17]

The Centre of operations of the Inspector General piece concluded that "although the Control utilized a negotiator from wellfitting San Juan office during nobleness standoff, the FBI did plead for comply with its own policies regarding the integration of negotiators into operations planning or honourableness use of multiple negotiators."[19]

The Undercover agent did not enter the terrace until shortly after noon rendering next day, at which crux the agents found Ojeda Ríos dead on the floor let alone a single bullet wound depart had punctured his lung.

Nobility report by the U.S. Fork of Justice stated, "the acceptable pathologist from the Puerto Law Institute of Forensic Sciences who performed the autopsy estimated zigzag Ojeda died from blood forfeiture approximately 15 to 30 notes after being shot, which would place the time of discourteous between 6:23 p.m. and 6:38 p.m.". He was buried learning Cementerio Municipal Barrio Rio Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico.[19][20]

Aftermath

The slaughter by the Puerto Rico Issue on Civil Rights states defer Rodríguez Morales, one of description two forensic pathologists that ended the autopsy, declared that "as a pathologist she cannot 'say at what precise time' Ojeda Ríos died, what can skin given is an estimate waste the number of hours rove he had been dead."[21] She added she did not conceal that a person of 72 years, who had had agape heart surgery, could have survived an hour.[22][23]

The FBI was criticized for failing to notify Democracy of Puerto Rico officials diminution advance of the Ojeda Ríos arrest operation by the Agency on Civil Rights, but greatness OIG report "determined that decency FBI made the decision shriek to notify Puerto Rico directorate of the operation because see concerns about leaks that could compromise the operation, which was a reasonable consideration under righteousness circumstances."[24] The report found range the "FBI missed opportunities shut provide accurate information to ethics public and to Commonwealth administration regarding the reasons for ethics delay in entering Ojeda's residence" [19] but that the behind entry itself was justified.[25]

Politicians cestus party lines in Puerto Law criticized the handling of interpretation event.[26] Sitting governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI break as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know ground his government was not au courant beforehand.[27] The FBI refused study release information beyond the legal press release, citing security extremity agent privacy issues.

Three Puerto Rican members of the U.S. Congress demanded the release be unable to find more specific, and more empty, FBI information.[28]Amnesty International demanded apartment building independent investigation into the speculation of "extra-judicial execution" in honesty case.[29] A United Nations Popular Assembly Special Committee resolution labelled the killing an "assassination".[30]

The Puerto Rico Department of Justice filed suit in federal court overcome the FBI and the Plain and simple Attorney General, demanding information overruling to the Commonwealth's own study of the incident.[31] In overthrow March 2006, the Department sued federal authorities, including Mueller charge US Attorney GeneralAlberto Gonzales, hunting an injunction to force description federal government authorities to contribute the Commonwealth government with significant related to the operation discern which Ojeda Ríos died, rightfully well as another one get round which the FBI searched prestige homes of independence supporters combined with Los Macheteros.

A U.S. District Court judge ruled antithetical the Puerto Rico Department take off Justice.[32] The case was consequently appealed to a federal appeals court which ruled that "disclosing information on the Ojeda leap 'would reveal how the Control goes about capturing a runagate who is believed to live dangerous.'"[32] The Commonwealth Government exploitation took the case to representation United States Supreme Court nevertheless "the Supreme Court...refused to under consideration [the] lawsuit by Puerto Law seeking FBI files in illustriousness killing of Puerto Rican democracy supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."[32]

In tolerate to questions raised in travel ormation technol accounts and by public directorate in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, FBI Director Robert Mueller requested an investigation by ethics Office of the Inspector Accepted of the United States Commitee of Justice.[6] The resulting idea concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of force in primacy Ojeda operation did not transgress abuse the Department of Justice Dangerous Force Policy" and that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the interchange of gunfire.[7] In clearing glory FBI, the report found go wool-gathering Ojeda Ríos "clearly posed graceful threat to the agents" sports ground was shot only after opposing to surrender when he was seen aiming a pistol clichйd an agent.[25]

In popular culture

The management hop musical group Calle 13 wrote the song "Querido FBI" ("Dear FBI"), to protest magnanimity manner of Ojeda Ríos' mortality at the hands of description FBI.[33] Singer-songwriter Mikie Rivera has composed two songs inspired brush aside Ojeda Ríos: "HF" and "Piedra y bala".[34] In April 2018, a feature-length biographic documentary honoured Filiberto was made about him, directed by Freddie Marrero Alfonso.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^"12 'Terrorists' Held in Holdup of $7 Million".

    Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1985.

  2. ^Effects dowel effectiveness of law enforcement rationalize measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study on position Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)Archived May 25, 2014, shell the Wayback Machine; Roberta Belli, Final Report to the Skill & Technology Directorate, U.S.

    Branch of Homeland Security, August 2012, page 8.

  3. ^Smith, Brent L. (1994). Terrorism in America: Pipebombs topmost Pipedreams. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN .
  4. ^Holcomb, Raymond W. (2011). Endless Enemies: Inside FBI Counterterrorism. University systematic Nebraska Press (imprint: Potomac Books, Inc.).

    ISBN .

  5. ^Schaefer, Richard (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Territory, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. 1084. ISBN .
  6. ^ ab"FBI Responds to OIG Report on the Circumstances Adjacent the Attempted Capture of Filiberto Ojeda Rios".

    FBI.

  7. ^ abhttps://www.justice.gov/oig/special/s0608/full_report.pdfArchived Oct 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine A Review of position September 2005 Shooting Incident Encircling the Federal Bureau of Warren and Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
  8. ^Ojeda Ríos Report Expected by December 31. By Eva Llorens Vélez.

    Puerto Rico Daily Sun. November 27, 2009.Archived July 15, 2011, unexpected result the Wayback Machine Retrieved Nov 27, 2009.

  9. ^"Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican revolutionary". The Economist. Sep 29, 2005. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  10. ^ ab"De la salsa well-ordered la clandestinidad por la independencia de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish).

    Terra. September 24, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  11. ^Tom Soto (September 28, 2005). "Filiberto Ojeda Ríos assassinated by FBI". The Latest York City Independent Media Feelings. Archived from the original dishonest August 7, 2007. Retrieved Sep 30, 2007.
  12. ^ abRobert Guzmán.

    "Filiberto Ojeda: Hero or Terrorist?". Archived from the original on Apr 10, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.

  13. ^Ghigliotty, Julio (August 26, 1989). "Jury Finds Independence Militant Trusting of Assault Charges". AP NEWS. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  14. ^Harding, Colin (September 26, 2005).

    "Filiberto Ojeda Rios Fighter for Puerto Rican independence". The Independent. London. Retrieved January 24, 2010.[dead link‍]

  15. ^"Muere líder nacionalista puertorriqueño en operativo describe FBI" (in Spanish). Terra. Sept 25, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
  16. ^ ab"Execution of Federal capture warrant".

    Federal Bureau of Examination. September 24, 2005. Archived shake off the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  17. ^ ab"Chapter Three:Chronology of Events respect the Surveillance and Arrest Operation". Office of the Inspector Popular.

    August 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  18. ^Weiner, Tim (February 26, 2013). Enemies: A History of justness FBI. New York, NY: Changeable House Publishing Group. pp. 439–41. ISBN .
  19. ^ abcdef"A Review of the Sep 2005 Shooting Incident"(PDF).

    Office get into the Inspector General. August 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  20. ^Fahrenthold, King A.; Marino, John (September 29, 2005). "Gunfight in Puerto Law Resurrects an FBI Case". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  21. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos too soon el Municipio de Hormigueros excessive 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Commonwealth albatross Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles, 31 March 2011; revised 22 September 2011.

    p. 121. Archived

  22. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion get los Sucesos occ=urridos en give orders Municipio de Hormigueros el 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda RiosArchived March 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Land of Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles. 31 March 2011.

    Revised 22 September 2011. p. 123. Archived

  23. ^"Comisión de Derechos Civiles: ilegal la muerte de Ojeda Ríos". Centro de Periodismo Investigativo. Feb 27, 2012.
  24. ^"Report p.171"(PDF). Archived take from the original(PDF) on October 25, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  25. ^ abOjeda Death: FBI Cleared, courant.com; accessed June 10, 2020.
  26. ^"Probe game Shootout In Puerto Rico Urged".

    The Washington Post. September 26, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  27. ^"Fugitive is killed in FBI stakeout". The Boston Globe. September 25, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  28. ^Goodnough, Abby (September 28, 2005). "Killing of Militant Raises Ire be glad about Puerto Rico". The New Dynasty Times – via NYTimes.com.
  29. ^"U.S.

    Nimble Rules Posada Carilles Won't Excellence Extradited". Democracy Now!. Retrieved June 6, 2018.

  30. ^"UN General Assembly Commission urges self-determination for Puerto Rico". UN News. June 13, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  31. ^"Revés maternity Puerto Rico en caso swallow independentista muerto por FBI" (in Spanish).

    Azcentral. March 31, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  32. ^ abcCourt refuses to step into Ojeda case By Peter Yost. Army TODAY March 31, 2008; retrieved April 17, 2014.
  33. ^Rohter, Larry (April 8, 2010). "Continuing Days sponsor Independence for Calle 13".

    The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

  34. ^"Mikie Rivera amusing Tito Auger: complicidad musical "a piedra y bala"". Primera Hora (in Spanish). August 3, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  35. ^"Una mirada al músico y revolucionario Filiberto Ojeda Ríos".

    El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). December 6, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

External links