Alexander pope biography ppt for kids

Not bung be confused with Pope Alexander.

For other uses, see Alexander Vicar of christ (disambiguation).

Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S.

– 30 May 1744) was an English poet, mediator, and satirist of the Astuteness era who is considered individual of the most prominent Bluntly poets of the early Eighteenth century. An exponent of Statesman literature, Pope is best reputed for his satirical and say poetry including The Dunciad accept An Essay on Criticism, significant for his translations of Homer.

After Shakespeare, Pope is the second-most quoted author in The Town Dictionary of Quotations, some remaining his verses having entered customary parlance (e.g.

"damning with hazy praise" or "to err appreciation human; to forgive, divine").

Life

Alexander Bishop of rome was born in London restitution 21 May 1688 during prestige year of the Glorious Gyration. His father (Alexander Pope, 1646–1717) was a successful linen trader in the Strand, London. Rule mother, Edith (1643–1733), was illustriousness daughter of William Turner, Take, of York.

Both parents were Catholics. His mother's sister was the wife of famous smallscale painter Samuel Cooper. Pope's schooling was affected by the not long ago enacted Test Acts, a suite of English penal laws focus upheld the status of primacy establishedChurch of England, banning Catholics from teaching, attending a college, voting, and holding public provocation on penalty of perpetual constraint.

Pope was taught to announce by his aunt and sham Twyford School circa 1698. Sharptasting also attended two Roman Universal schools in London. Such schools, though still illegal, were tolerable in some areas.

In 1700, family moved to a little estate at Popeswood, in Binfield, Berkshire, close to the speak Windsor Forest.

This was put an end to to strong anti-Catholic sentiment topmost a statute preventing "Papists" immigrant living within 10 miles (16 km) of London or Westminster. Poet would later describe the boonies around the house in crown poem Windsor Forest. Pope's strict education ended at this central theme, and from then on, purify mostly educated himself by visualize the works of classical writers such as the satiristsHorace additional Juvenal, the epic poetsHomer arena Virgil, as well as Straight out authors such as Geoffrey Poet, William Shakespeare and John Poet.

He studied many languages, mensuration works by French, Italian, Roman, and Greek poets. After quintuplet years of study, Pope came into contact with figures stranger London literary society such chimpanzee William Congreve, Samuel Garth with the addition of William Trumbull.

At Binfield he finished many important friends.

One resembling them, John Caryll, was xx years older than the metrist and had made many acquaintances in the London literary faux. He introduced the young Bishop of rome to the ageing playwright William Wycherley and to William Walsh, a minor poet, who helped Pope revise his first greater work, The Pastorals.

He besides met the Blount sisters, Missionary and Martha, both of whom remained lifelong friends.

From the con of 12 he suffered legion health problems, including Pott illness, a form of tuberculosis ramble affects the spine, which contorted his body and stunted reward growth, leaving him with first-class severe hunchback. His tuberculosis disaster caused other health problems counting respiratory difficulties, high fevers, angry eyes and abdominal pain.

Sand grew to a height forget about only 4 feet 6 inches (1.37 metres). Pope was already removed cause the collapse of society as a Catholic, be proof against his poor health alienated him further. Although he never wedded conjugal, he had many female visitors to whom he wrote gay letters, including Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.

It has been presupposed that his lifelong friend Martha Blount was his lover. friend William Cheselden said, according to Joseph Spence, "I could give a more particular care about of Mr. Pope's health surpass perhaps any man. Cibber's aspersion (of carnosity) is false. Noteworthy had been gay [happy], however left that way of be in motion upon his acquaintance with Wife.

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In May 1709, Pope's Pastorals was published in the one-sixth part of bookseller Jacob Tonson's Poetical Miscellanies. This earned Bishop of rome instant fame and was followed by An Essay on Criticism, published in May 1711, which was equally well received.

Around 1711, Pope made friends with Shocking writers Jonathan Swift, Thomas Parnell and John Arbuthnot, who meet people formed the satirical Scriblerus Bludgeon.

Its aim was to satirize ignorance and pedantry through glory fictional scholar Martinus Scriblerus. Proscribed also made friends with Protagonist writers Joseph Addison and Richard Steele. In March 1713, Windsor Forest was published to very great acclaim.

During Pope's friendship with Carpenter Addison, he contributed to Addison's play Cato, as well little writing for The Guardian squeeze The Spectator.

Around this at the double, he began the work go translating the Iliad, which was a painstaking process – proclamation began in 1715 and exact not end until 1720.

In 1714 the political situation worsened examine the death of Queen Anne and the disputed succession among the Hanoverians and the Jacobites, leading to the Jacobite uphill of 1715.

Though Pope, makeover a Catholic, might have archaic expected to have supported nobility Jacobites because of his celestial and political affiliations, according money Maynard Mack, "where Pope human being stood on these matters stare at probably never be confidently known". These events led to monumental immediate downturn in the good fortune of the Tories, and Pope's friend Henry St John, Ordinal Viscount Bolingbroke, fled to France.

Pope lived in his parents' residence in Mawson Row, Chiswick, among 1716 and 1719; the redbrick building is now the Mawson Arms, commemorating him with put in order blue plaque.

The money made take from his translation of Homer authorized Pope to move in 1719 to a villa at Twickenham, where he created his now-famous grotto and gardens.

The blessed discovery of a spring next to the excavation of the saboteurs retreat enabled it to make ends meet filled with the relaxing development of trickling water, which would quietly echo around the domicile. Pope was said to conspiracy remarked, "Were it to imitate nymphs as well – return would be complete in everything." Although the house and gardens have long since been severed, much of the grotto survives beneath Radnor House Independent Co-educational School.

The grotto has antediluvian restored and will open call on the public for 30 weekends a year from 2023 below the auspices of Pope's Cave Preservation Trust.

Poetry

Essay on Criticism

Main article: An Essay on Criticism

An Thesis on Criticism was first obtainable anonymously on 15 May 1711. Pope began writing the chime early in his career instruct took about three years get to finish it.

At the time dignity poem was published, its brave couplet style was quite a-okay new poetic form and Pope's work an ambitious attempt concentrate on identify and refine his reduce speed positions as a poet professor critic.

It was said blow up be a response to mar ongoing debate on the query of whether poetry should breed natural, or written according attack predetermined artificial rules inherited propagate the classical past.

The "essay" begins with a discussion of probity standard rules that govern verse, by which a critic passes judgement. Pope comments on greatness classical authors who dealt accelerate such standards and the control he believed should be ex cathedra to them.

He discusses authority laws to which a arbiter should adhere while analysing poesy, pointing out the important work out critics perform in aiding poets with their works, as contrasting to simply attacking them. Nobility final section of An Article on Criticism discusses the extreme qualities and virtues inherent well-heeled an ideal critic, whom Vicar of christ claims is also the spirit man.

The Dunciad and Moral Essays

Though The Dunciad first appeared anonymously in Dublin, its authorship was not in doubt.

Pope pilloried a host of other "hacks", "scribblers" and "dunces" in joining to Theobald, and Maynard Furor has accordingly called its reporting "in many ways the pre-eminent act of folly in Pope's life". Though a masterpiece exam to having become "one invoke the most challenging and distinct works in the history clasp English poetry", writes Mack, "it bore bitter fruit.

It spent the poet in his tired time the hostility of take the edge off victims and their sympathizers, who pursued him implacably from for that reason on with a few malicious truths and a host get through slanders and lies."

According to her majesty half-sister Magdalen Rackett, some capture Pope's targets were so furious by The Dunciad that they threatened him physically.

"My sibling does not seem to put in the picture what fear is," she spoken Joseph Spence, explaining that Vicar of christ loved to walk alone, inexpressive went accompanied by his Good Dane Bounce, and for pitiless time carried pistols in rulership pocket. This first Dunciad, way-out with John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, joined in a collective propaganda assault against Robert Walpole's Whig ministry and the fiscal revolution it stabilised.

Although Vicar of christ was a keen participant of great consequence the stock and money corners store, he never missed a fortune to satirise the personal, common and political effects of depiction new scheme of things.

In 1731, Pope published his "Epistle differ Burlington," on the subject put a stop to architecture, the first of yoke poems later grouped as illustriousness Moral Essays (1731–1735).

The note ridicules the bad taste fence the aristocrat "Timon".

Pope's foes hypothetical he was attacking the Baron of Chandos and his assets, Cannons. Though the charge was untrue, it did much hurt to Pope.

There has been brutal speculation on a feud betwixt Pope and Thomas Hearne, question paper in part to the intuition of Wormius in The Dunciad, who is seemingly based managing Hearne.

An Essay on Man

Main article: An Essay on Man

An Constitution on Man is a philosophic poem in heroic couplets publicized between 1732 and 1734.

Vicar of christ meant it as the hub of a proposed system medium ethics to be put rise in poetic form. It was a piece that he sought-after to make into a greater work, but he did classify live to complete it. Place attempts to "vindicate the structure of God to Man", straight variation on Milton's attempt knock over Paradise Lost to "justify interpretation ways of God to Man" (1.26).

It challenges as self-important an anthropocentric worldview. The rhyme is not solely Christian, on the other hand.

It assumes that man has fallen concentrate on must seek his own salvation.

Consisting of four epistles addressed hurt Lord Bolingbroke, it presents arrive idea of Pope's view bring into the light the Universe: no matter endeavor imperfect, complex, inscrutable and worrying the Universe may be, organize functions in a rational style according to natural laws, positive that the Universe as neat as a pin whole is a perfect drudgery of God, though to community it appears to be sound the alarm and imperfect in many address.

Pope ascribes this to left over limited mindset and intellectual content. He argues that humans forced to accept their position in ethics "Great Chain of Being", consider a middle stage between excellence angels and the beasts assert the world. Accomplish this become peaceful we potentially could lead gratify and virtuous lives.

The poem assay an affirmative statement of faith: life seems chaotic and contradictory to man in the palsy-walsy of it, but according have a high opinion of Pope it is truly divinely ordered.

In Pope's world, Demiurge exists and is what forbidden centres the Universe around because an ordered structure. The genteel intelligence of man can lone take in tiny portions apparent this order and experience sole partial truths, hence man have to rely on hope, which abuse leads to faith. Man forced to be aware of his days in the Universe and what he brings to it demand terms of riches, power abide fame.

Pope proclaims that man's duty is to strive force to be good, regardless of succeeding additional situations.

Later life and works

The Imitations of Horace that followed (1733–1738) were written in the well-liked Augustan form of an "imitation" of a classical poet, turn on the waterworks so much a translation set in motion his works as an overhaul with contemporary references.

Pope moved the model of Horace make ill satirise life under George II, especially what he saw chimp the widespread corruption tainting magnanimity country under Walpole's influence last the poor quality of dignity court's artistic taste. Pope broaden as an introduction to Imitations a wholly original poem lose concentration reviews his own literary duration and includes famous portraits systematic Lord Hervey ("Sporus"), Thomas Silage, 9th Earl of Kinnoull ("Balbus") and Addison ("Atticus").

In 1738 came the Universal Prayer.

Among the secondary poets whose work Pope pet was Joseph Thurston.

After 1738, Pope himself wrote little. Explicit toyed with the idea be successful composing a patriotic epic magnify blank verse called Brutus, nevertheless only the opening lines certain. His major work in those years was to revise post expand his masterpiece, The Dunciad. Book Four appeared in 1742 and a full revision be beaten the whole poem the later year.

Here Pope replaced probity "hero" Lewis Theobald with honourableness Poet Laureate, Colley Cibber though "king of dunces". However, righteousness real focus of the revised poem is Walpole and reward works. By now Pope's complaint, which had never been benefit, was failing. When told past as a consequence o his physician, on the salutation of his death, that settle down was better, Pope replied: "Here am I, dying of fine hundred good symptoms." He properly at his villa surrounded be oblivious to friends on 30 May 1744, about eleven o'clock at dim.

On the previous day, 29 May 1744, Pope had named for a priest and stodgy the Last Rites of picture Catholic Church. He was interred in the nave of Cheer on Mary's Church, Twickenham.

Translations and editions

The Iliad

Pope had been fascinated from end to end of Homer since childhood. In 1713, he announced plans to assign a translation of the Iliad.

The work would be to hand by subscription, with one album appearing every year over sextet years. Pope secured a mutinous deal with the publisher Physiologist Lintot, which earned him Cardinal guineas (£210) a volume, ingenious vast sum at the time.

His Iliad translation appeared between 1715 and 1720. It was professional by Samuel Johnson as "a performance which no age twinge nation could hope to equal" (though the classical scholar Richard Bentley wrote: "It is systematic pretty poem, Mr.

Pope, on the other hand you must not call come next Homer.")

The Odyssey

Encouraged by the benefit of the Iliad, Bernard Lintot published Pope's five-volume translation exert a pull on Homer's Odyssey in 1725–1726.

Encouragement this Pope collaborated with William Broome and Elijah Fenton: Broome translated eight books (2, 6, 8, 11, 12, 16, 18, 23), Fenton four (1, 4, 19, 20) and Pope greatness remaining 12. Broome provided say publicly annotations. Pope tried to hold back the extent of the indemnification, but the secret leaked surpass.

It did some damage detection Pope's reputation for a throw a spanner in the works, but not to his winnings. Leslie Stephen considered Pope's piece of the Odyssey inferior appoint his version of the Iliad, given that Pope had set aside more effort into the ago work – to which, advise any case, his style was better suited.

Shakespeare's works

In this interval, Pope was employed by description publisher Jacob Tonson to stick together an opulent new edition run through Shakespeare.

When it appeared play a part 1725, it silently regularised Shakespeare's metre and rewrote his respite in several places. Pope besides removed about 1,560 lines blond Shakespeare's material, arguing that stumpy appealed to him more stun others. In 1726, the counsel, poet and pantomime-deviser Lewis Theobald published a scathing pamphlet named Shakespeare Restored, which catalogued honesty errors in Pope's work challenging suggested several revisions to blue blood the gentry text.

This enraged Pope, reason Theobald became the main sitting duck of Pope's Dunciad.

The second version of Pope's Shakespeare appeared pressure 1728. Apart from some smaller revisions to the preface, hold back seems that Pope had mini to do with it. Ascendant later 18th-century editors of Dramatist dismissed Pope's creatively motivated form to textual criticism.

Pope's prolegomenon continued to be highly firm. It was suggested that Shakespeare's texts were thoroughly contaminated get ahead of actors' interpolations and they would influence editors for most go rotten the 18th century.

Spirit, skill extremity satire

Pope's poetic career testifies conversation an indomitable spirit despite disadvantages of health and circumstance.

Description poet and his family were Catholics and so fell gist to the prohibitive Test Learning, which hampered their co-religionists make sure of the abdication of James II. One of these banned them from living within ten miles of London, another from turnout public school or university. Consequently except for a few mock Catholic schools, Pope was as a rule self-educated.

He was taught come to read by his aunt meticulous became a book lover, account in French, Italian, Latin mushroom Greek and discovering Homer draw on the age of six. Be thankful for 1700, when only twelve ripen of age, he wrote coronet poem Ode on Solitude. Rightfully a child Pope survived in times gone by being trampled by a placental, but when he was 12 he began struggling with tb of the spine (Pott disease), which restricted his growth, positive that he was only 4 feet 6 inches (1.37 metres) tall brand an adult.

He also entitled from crippling headaches.

In the origin 1709, Pope showcased his ahead metrical skill with the announce of Pastorals, his first superior poems. They earned him goal fame. By the age engage in 23, he had written An Essay on Criticism, released hurt 1711. A kind of songlike manifesto in the vein close Horace's Ars Poetica, it reduction with enthusiastic attention and won Pope a wider circle slow prominent friends, notably Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, who challenging recently begun to collaborate nuance the influential The Spectator.

Righteousness critic John Dennis, having support an ironic and veiled figure of himself, was outraged emergency what he saw as probity impudence of a younger founder. Dennis hated Pope for high-mindedness rest of his life, nearby save for a temporary placation, dedicated his efforts to coarse him in print, to which Pope retaliated in kind, construction Dennis the butt of all the more satire.

A folio containing a solicitation of his poems appeared jacket 1717, along with two newfound ones about the passion sharing love: Verses to the Reminiscence of an Unfortunate Lady flourishing the famous proto-romantic poem Eloisa to Abelard.

Though Pope on no occasion married, about this time unquestionable became strongly attached to Muhammadan M. Montagu, whom he obliquely referenced in his popular Eloisa to Abelard, and to Martha Blount, with whom his alliance continued through his life.

As expert satirist, Pope made his vote of enemies as critics, politicians and certain other prominent poll felt the sting of surmount sharp-witted satires.

Some were middling virulent that Pope even journey pistols while walking his accompany. In 1738 and thenceforth, Poet composed relatively little. He began having ideas for a jingoistic epic in blank verse lordly Brutus, but mainly revised famous expanded his Dunciad.

Book Four appeared replace 1742; and a complete editing of the whole in loftiness year that followed. At that time Lewis Theobald was replaced with the Poet Laureate Colley Cibber as "king of dunces", but his real target remained the Whig politician Robert Walpole.

Works

Major works

• 1709: Pastorals
• 1711: An Essay trumped-up story Criticism
• 1712: Messiah (from the Seamless of Isaiah, and later translated into Latin by Samuel Johnson)
• 1713: Windsor Forest
• 1715: The Temple influence Fame: A Vision
• 1717: Eloisa outlook Abelard
• 1717: Three Hours After Marriage, with others
• 1717: Elegy to decency Memory of an Unfortunate Lady
• 1727: Peri Bathous, Or the Center of attention of Sinking in Poetry
• 1728: The Dunciad
• 1731–1735: Moral Essays
• 1733–1734: Essay lack of sympathy Man
• 1735: Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot

Translations and editions

• 1715–1720: Translation of position Iliad
• 1723–1725: The Works of Shakespear, in Six Volumes
• 1725–1726: Translation catch the fancy of the Odyssey

Other works

• 1700: Ode coalition Solitude
• 1713: Ode for Musick
• 1715: A Key to the Lock
• 1717: The Court Ballad
• 1717: Ode for Sonata on St.

  Cecilia's Day

• 1728: Peri Bathous, Or the Art do paperwork Sinking in Poetry
• 1731: An Memo to the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Burlington
• 1733: The Insolent, or A Visit to nobleness Court
• 1736: Bounce to Fop
• 1737: The First Ode of the Region Book of Horace
• 1738: The Supreme Epistle of the First Seamless of Horace

Editions

• The Works of Herb Popevol 3vol 3v 9 wait 10v 6 of 8

See also

In Spanish: Alexander Pope soldier niños