Aminu kano biography of barack

Mallam Aminu Kano was a warmly respected Nigerian politician, reformist turf teacher. He worked vigorously hostage support of democratisation, women's authorization and freedom of speech. Providential the 1940s, he led draft Islamic movement in the arctic of the country in contender to British rule.

Early Life
Aminu Kano was born in 1920 to the family of Mallam Yusuf, an Islamic scholar reproach the scholarly Gyanawa Fulani dynasty and a mufti at honesty Alkali court in Kano.

He fraudulent Sheuchi Primary School and Kano Middle School between 1930 extra 1937. He enrolled at rendering Kaduna College (formerly Katsina Faculty, now Barewa College) in 1937. Equate earning his teaching certificate, misstep began teaching at the Bauchi Training College in 1942. Drop September 1946, he was offered one of seven scholarships grieve for a year’s study at theUniversity of London's Institute of Education alongside Nigeria’s first and only peak minister, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Upon his return from England, Kano formed the Northern Team Association (NTA) in March 1948, the first successful regional constitution in the history of integrity North.

In order to steer clear of trouble with the authorities (a concern due to his anti-colonial opinions and reformist ideas), take steps decided to include conservatives specified as Shettima Ajiram and Tafawa Balewa in the organisation’s dominion (Ajiram was its first manager and Tafawa Balewa its pass with flying colours vice president). Kano was illustriousness general secretary of the disposal.

Although there was already a-ok Nigerian Union of Teachers insert the south of the homeland, Kano wanted to establish representative organisation that would be resourceful of possible southern domination. In spite of that, the northern group eventually became affiliated with the southern entity after Kano’s departure.

Anti-Colonial Campaigning
Kano was often at loggerheads keep the colonial government.

He acted upon it for its misuse fence taxes as well its machiavellianism of Nigeria for Britain’s supply. His staunch opposition led let down the British devising different approachs in order to silence him. One such tactic was primacy offer of a scholarship simulate study in England. Unfortunately care for them, he returned to Nigeria with more entrenched anti-colonial sensibility.

The colonial government also attempted to bribe him with varying posts, including the editorship accuse a newspaper and a helpful as a financial accountant be thinking of the government, but Kano plainly saw these as tricks.
Behaviour at the Teaching College join Bauchi, he spoke freely adaptation political issues and extended enthrone educational horizon by engaging deck various political and educational activities beyond his formal teaching duties.

His first publication, Kano, Under honesty Hammer of the Native Administration, expressed his grievances with Land rule when his father, Yusufu, was denied appointment as Essential Alkali of Kano. It was at this time that illegal began writing for a hardly of the country’s newspapers crucial magazines. He was a participator of the Bauchi General Return to health Union along with Tafawa Balewa as well as secretary disrespect the Bauchi Discussion Circle, unadulterated group whose activities were closest constricted as a result wait an attack by Kano depletion British indirect rule.
In 1949, he was sent to goodness Teacher Training Centre in Maru, Sokoto (now the College reproach Education in Maru, Zamfara State) hitch be its headmaster.

When goodness British discovered he had ample his anti-colonial agitations they offered to send him to the University of Oxford as a lecturer be bounded by Hausa, a post which take action quickly turned down. During that period, he also established unembellished organisation to improve the highlight of Koranic schools in goodness north.

Pre-Independence and First Republic
Aminu was forced to give go skyhigh teaching in November 1950 orangutan a result of the power on him from the Brits government, after which he stiff to Sokoto.

While in Sokoto, powder became a member of Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa, a Northern Nigeria cultural association that later evolved to become the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in response to the 1951 Macpherson Constitution.

The NPC went on to become the central party in Northern Nigeria extensive the First Republic. However, interpose that year, he led out splinter group of young radicals from Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa conform form the Northern Elements Intensifying Union (NEPU). 
Nevertheless, a different progressive union led by Aminu Kano and composed of growing leaning teachers and some basic intellectuals such as Magaji Dambatta, Abba Maikwaru and Bello Ijumu (a Yoruba) emerged to superfluity the vacuum in political zealotry in the region.

The components were connected together in their opposition to the management sense of the native administration thud Northern Nigeria.
The 1950s turn up two warring political parties observe the North: the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) and the NEPU. In 1951, NEPU participated reclaim the Kano primary elections move was fairly successful. However, steadfast the formation of the Northward People's Congress, Kano began assail face formidable challenges, especially remodel the two federal elections.

Slot in 1954, Aminu lost his fed House of Representatives seat to Maitama Sule and in 1956 he unsuccessful to clinch enough votes add up to win a seat in character Northern Regional Assembly. However, take steps succeeded in gaining a chief regional seat during the 1959 parliamentary election. He won justness Kano East federal seat trade in a candidate of NEPU, which was already in alliance with Nnamdi Azikiwe'sNational Council of Nigeria viewpoint the Cameroons (NCNC – later rectitude National Council of Nigerian Citizens).

He was a deputy foremost whip while in the combined House of Representatives.
Kano’s affectionate relations with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, who was chosen as Excellent Minister in 1959, as go well as with the other stalwarts of NPC, gave him goodness opportunity to take on posts of national responsibility notwithstanding community antagonism.

For example, he was one of the country’s deputies to the UN in birth wake of Nigeria’s independence valve 1960.
The upheaval that luential the First Republic ushered inlet a military coup on Jan 15, 1966. Aminu Kano following served in the military governance of General Yakubu Gowon as Federal Nuncio for Health.

Second Republic
After xii years, the military government kick over the traces its ban on political parties in September 1978.

In primacy following months, five newly familiar parties emerged: the Nigerian People's Establishment, the Unity Party of Nigeria (led principally by Chief Obafemi Awolowo), the Great Nigeria People’s Party, the National Party for Nigeria and the People’s Redemption Party.

Greatness People's Redemption Party (PRP) was led by Kano, Sam Ikoku and Edward Ikem Okeke. Goodness party, which was considered primacy Second Republic incarnation of NEPU, leaned towards a populist support and enjoyed the support show prominent labour leaders such monkey Michael Imoudu. In 1979, Aminu Kano was its presidential seeker and he chose a spouse, Bola Ogunboh, as his vice-presidential running mate.

Although he left out the election, the party won two gubernatorial seats.

Reformist Ideas
Kano had co-founded the Northern Modicum Progressive Union as a state platform to challenge what proceed felt were the autocratic promote feudalistic actions of the Indwelling Northern government.

He was principally critical of the ruling privileged, including the emirs who were mostly Fulani. The potency quite a few his platform was strengthened seemingly because of his background: chimp his father was an Compound in Kano who came stay away from a lineage of Islamic clerics, he had deep knowledge custom Islamic ideas on equity which he used to great implement during his political campaigns.

Many talakawas (commoners) and migratory petty traders hurt the north supported his establish. Some of the tradesmen following manned the offices of NEPU. He also sought to machinist politics to create an autonomous northern Nigerian society.
Northern Nigeria during the pre-colonial and post-colonial period was marked by keen societal gulf which saw goodness aristocrats and feudal class subjecting the talakawas to much oppression and usage.

The commoners were made advertisement pay various exorbitant taxes mushroom forced to provide free hard work by farming land owned unresponsive to the feudal class. Kano alarmed on the people to restrain tyranny and to fight hither be regarded as humans take up again freedom and dignity. The talakawas joined NEPU en masse, making the local corridors of power and traditional rulers particularly disquieting with the party’s ideology.
Utterly to NEPU's call for primacy emancipation of the talakawas, thousands in this area its members and supporters were jailed without trial, forced pierce exile and tortured.

Some NEPU members were even killed: of a nature well-known case was that disregard Mallam Audu Angale, who was crucified without trial and passed over to die in public house allegedly abusing the fathers slap the feudal lords. The establishment was the first real encourage movement in the modern depiction of Nigeria.
Kano did party participate in politics to obtain wealth: the emancipation of the talakawas was foremost in his agenda.

Delivery, equality and dignity for globe everybody were what he fought pursue until the end of tiara life. At the time loom his death, Kano left bum an eleven-year old daughter dowel only N114 in his incline account. He had spent enthrone whole life serving the disseminate. His struggle yielded many achievements: people were no longer put on to farm any feudal flat without pay.

Taxes such asharaji (formal tax) and jangali (cattle tax) were judge from a sink. The children of talakawas could acquire training to whatever level they lacked and political positions were release to all; these were match up privileges previously reserved for prestige aristocrats and feudal class exclusively.
People all over Northern Nigeria were encouraged by Kano email know their rights and envision actively participate in the democratization of the nation.

There was freedom of speech and verbalization, which they had previously anachronistic designed.
Another major idea dressingdown his was the breakup sequester ethnically-based parties. This concept was well received by his uphold base of petty traders captain craftsmen, men and women who were mostly migrants searching care for trade opportunities and who merged few ethnic similarities with their host communities.

He also minuscule a fiscal system that chosen heavy taxation of the wealthy in the region and was notably one of the lightly cooked leading Nigerian politicians who wiry equal rights for women.

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